Apparatus for making briquets for circular coke-ovens.



PATENTED MAR. 3, 1903.

I. SUAVRR. APPARATUS RoR MAKING BRIQUETS FUR CIRCULAR COKE UVRNS APPLICATION FILED AUG. 26, 1902.

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No. 722,151. PATENTED MAR. 3, 1903. J. W. SEAVBR.-

APPARATUS FORMAKNG BRIQUETS FCR CIRCULAR COKE OVENS.

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PATENTED MAR. 3, 1903.

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APPARATUS FOR MAKING BRIQUETS FOR CIRCULAR COKE OVENS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 26, 1902.

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No. 722,151. PATENTED MAR. 3, 1903.

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APPARATUS FOR MAKING BRIQUETS FOR CIRCULARGOKE OVENS. APPLIOATION FILED AUG. ze. 1902. No MODEL. v 7 sHBETs-sHBET vA Wl TNESSES: /N VEN TOR.

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arnnir JOHN VRIGIIT SEAVER, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

APPARATUS FOR MAKING BRIQUETS FOR CIRCULAR COKE-0VENS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 722,151, dated March 3, 1903.`

Application filed August 26, 1902. Serial No. 121,029. (No model.)

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Beit known that I, JOHN WRIGHT Sn Aven, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented or discovered new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Making Briq nets for Circular Coke-Ovens, of which the following is a specification.

In the accompanying drawings, which make part of this speciiication, Figure l is a vertical section of my invention, taken substantially on the line l l of Fig. 2; Fig. 2, a vertical section taken at right angles to Fig. l and substantially on the line 2 2 of Fig. l, the mechanism forseparating the mold halves or sections being omitted for the sake of clearness; Fig. 3, a horizontal section on the line 3 3 of Fig. l, the mold being removed; 'Fig 3, a detail in perspective ot' the mechanism by which the turn-table is revolved; Fig. 4, a vertical section of a modilied form of my invention, taken substantially on the line 4 4. of Fig. 6, the mechanism for swinging the moldsections being omitted; Fig. 5, an elevation, partly in section, showing particularly the means for swinging the mold-sections and moving the pan on which the mold sets,the distributing-spout, the scraper, and the hammer being left off to avoid a confusion of lines; Fig. 6, a horizontal section substantially on the line 6 6 of Fig. 4, the section on l[he tubes e and 2l being taken slightly below the other part-s, and the mold and its attachments beingomitted; Fig. 7, a horizontal section taken on line 7 7 of Fig. a. Fig. S is a detail show'- ing the manner in which the track 13 is supported.

Myinvention relates to mechanism for compressing loose coal into cakes or briquets suitable for charging into circular coke-ovens or ovens commonly known as beehive ovens.

The method of charging beehive ovens as commonly practiced consists in feeding loose coal down through an opening in the dome or roof of the oven and in leveling it by means of ralies, hoes, or other hand appliances. By this method it isimpossible to level and compact the coal evenly.

In the practice involving the use of my invention the loose coal is compressed outside of the ovens into a circular cake, having a diameter of approximately twelve feet which is the standard forbeehive ovens. After the cake, moistened, if necessary, has been compacted, so that it Will preserve its form, the sides of the box in which it has been formed are removed from the cake. The cake is then taken away and charged into the beehive ovens in any suitable manner, preferably after the manner set forth in Letters Patent No. 707,525; but as the charging of the ovens is foreign to the scope of this invention the same will not be described herein. As the ramming box, mold, or matrix in Which the cakes are formed presents too large asurface to be compacted with a single rammer having the diameter of the box, itis necessary to ram the cakes by one or more small rammers or hammers acting successively on small surfaces of the coal. It is also found to be the better practice to ram the coal in layers, thoroughly compacting one layer before the next is added. This practice presents a great objection to the use of a hammer as large as the cake, since it would be very difcult to introduce the coal and spread it out evenly under the hammer.

As it is not advisable to compress the coal after introducing it into beehive ovens or to ram up circular cakes by means of a hammer of the diameter of the cakes, it is therefore obvious that in order to prepare a circular cake of compressed coal of large diameter the mold or matrix in which the loose coal is rammed must' be rotated beneath a stationary hammer, thereby bringing each portion oi' the coal in the mold beneath the hammer, or the hammer must be rotated around a fixed point and over the coal in the mold, thereby bringing the hammer successively over each portion of the coal.

It is also obvious that the loose coal must be distributed evenly in the mold. To ac complish this, the mold must be rotated beneath the spout which feeds the coal into it or the spout must be revolved in the mold. The coal is discharged from the spout in either case in a ridge, which must be spread out into an even layer before being subjected to the hammer. The ridge may be spread out by rotating the mold under a stationary IOO scraper or leveler or by rotating the scrape or leveler in the mold, as will be explained hereinafter.

There are therefore two methods of making circular cakes of coal in the practice set out in the last two paragraphs above. One way requires a mold rotating beneath a stationary or non traveling delivery-spout, scraper, and hammer, and the other a stationary mold in which revolve a delivery-spout, a scraper, and a hammer. The result is'the same in either way.

The apparatus for practicing the first method is illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 32 and is described as follows: A represents a supply of loose coal in the bin A', which has its open mouth A" lying over the conveyerbelt B, driven by the motor B' and the train of gearing B2, connected by shaft B3 with one of the drums B4, over which the belt B runs. The motor B' and the drums B4 are supported by beds rest-ing on the beams C. These beams are held up by the beams C', resting on posts C2, tied together by beams C3. The motor B' is operated by the controller B5. Beneath the conveyer-belt B is a rectangular pan S, having secured to its two rear corners ears or lugs S', provided with vertical holes S2. The pan S is provided on its under side with two pairs of rails or bars S3, which, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, lie on the top of the turn-table T. Turn-table T has a central socket T', which fits over the center post V, provided with flange V', on which the wall of the socket T' rests. The outer portion of the turn-table is supported on the wheels U, which mesh with the rack-track T2 on the under side of the turn-table. The track and the wheels U may have smooth cooperating surfaces, if desired. Resting on top of the pan S is the cylindrical matrix or mold E, divided at the line 1' of Fig. 1 and, as shown in Fig. 2, into lateral halves. The mold has a horizontal outwardly-extending annular ange E2 at its top edge. Resting upon the beams C' arefour pairs of tracks N and N'. Traveling on these tracks N and N' are wheels L and L', respectively, of the mold-carriers L2, of which there are two. Each mold-carrierL2 consistsofarectangular frame having the vertical bars L3 and L4suspended on the wheels L and L', respectively. The bars L3 and L4 of each frame are tied together at the bottom by the bar L5 and braced by the crossed braces L6. The bars L4 are tied together at the top by beams L7 and at the bottom by the rods L3 and plates L2. Pivoted centrally on the rod L3 is the gravitydog L10, having a nose inclined, so that when it engages the top of the mold it will be lifted. The inner sides of the forward ends of the frames have each a short flange L14, which, together with the plate L2, will engage the under side of the flange E2 when the frames are lowered and drawn toward each other, as will be presently explained. The tracks N and N' are provided with inclines N2 and N3, respectively., which lead downwardly and are separated from each other by a space equal to that between the wheels L and L', so that when the mold-conveyer frames move toward each other the wheels L and L' will be lowered simultaneously. The frames will be lowered, so that the iiange L11 and plates L9 will fall below and slide under the flange E2 of the mold E. Mounted in bearings on the lower side of beams C' are two shafts D, carrying wheels D', over which pass the endless cords or chains D2, one limb of each cord being fastened to one mold-carrying frame and the other limb to the other frame, as shown at D3. By this arrangement the two frames will approach or recede from each other, according to the direction of movement of the cord. The right-hand shaft D is driven by train of gearing D4 and motor D5, mounted on the end of one of the beams C'. The turntable is provided with a second annular rack T3, with which the pinion F meshes. The pinion F is secured to the shaft F', having bearings F2 and F3, in the latter of which the lower end of the shaft F4 is vertically mounted. On the lower end of shaft F4 is a bevel gear-wheel F5, meshing with bevel gearwheel F6 on shaft F'. Shaft F4 has at its top a bevel gear-wheel F6, which is rotated by train of gearing F7, driven by shaft F3, connected to train of gearing R' and motor R. Slidable in the channels G are blocks G', having vertical holes G2. The blocks each have two eyes, to which are secured the ends of cords or chains G3, passing over sheaves G4, the rear two being driven by motor G5. The lower limbs of the cord pass undersmall rollers G3. The holes S2 in lugs S on pan S and the holes G2 in blocks G' are adapted to receive links or ties G2, one of which is shown in position in the holes in Fig. 3. H represents a table onto which the pan S may be slid from the turn-table T. The table H has antifriction-Wheels H', on which the bars S, fastened on the bottom of the pan, travel when the pan is pushed out. K is a horizontal scraper or leveling-plow, which extends from near the center of the mold to its inner wall and is supported by two rods K', each of which passes up between two pairs of antifrictionwheels K2, one pair being above the beams C near the edges of belt B and the other being below the said beams and mounted in the frames K3, (one being shown in Fig. 1,) carried on the under side of the said beams. The outer sides of the upper ends of the rods K' have teeth K4, with which mesh the teeth on the inner faces of wheels K5. The shaft K(i is operated by a cord K7, one end being wound on the drum K3 on shaft K3 and the other end on drum K, operated by windlass K10, which is located so that one operator may manage it and the controller B3. M is the hammer or rammer, which is a sector of a circle and reaches from the center of the mold to its edge and is shown standing opposite the scraper. The

hammer occupies but a small part of the circumference of the mold and is provided with IOO Igo

a vertical stem M', guided by rollers 1W 2, supported by plates M3, secured to the beams C. The stem M' is raised by the cam R2 on the shaft R3, driven by train of gearing R'l and mot-or R. The cam R2 is a segment of a circle and is so arranged that when the cam rorates the arc-shaped part thereof engages the stem of the hammer and lifts it, and when the cam passes the stem the hammer drops. By this construction the stroke is uniform, Whether the hammer is working near the top or the bottom of the mold.

The operation is as follows: The pan S and the mold E being in the position shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the scraping-bar is lowered by means of the windlass K10, drum K9, cord K7, drum K2, shaft K, toothed wheels K, and toothed rods K', so that it will lie in the path of the first layer of coal. Motors B and R are started, the former through the gearing B2 and shaft B8 causing the belt B to carry the coal evenly from the mouth of the bin and drop it down into the mold and onto the pan S in a fine stream, shown as somewhat narrower than the radius of the mold, and the latter, through gearing R', shaft F8, gearing F7, gear F6, shaft F4, gears F5 and FG, shaft F', and pinion F, causing the turn-table T, with the superposed pan S and the mold E, to be rotated as the coal is being deposited. At the same time motor R, through gearing R2, shaft R2, and cam R2, causes the hammer to reciprocate rapidly and compact the coal evenly into a cake, the hammer acting successively on all portions of the coal as it passes beneath it. It is necessary from time to time to raise the scraper, so that it may be at the proper level to spread out the continuously-formed ridge of loose coal dropped from the belt B.

Thus it will be seen that simultaneously the loose coal is being dropped into the mold, leveled off by the scraper, and compressed by the hammer as the mold rotates. When the cake has reached the proper thickness, motors B' and R are stopped and motorD5 started in such a direction that through gearing E4, shafts D, wheels D', and cords D2 the moldcarrying frames will be rolled along tracks N and N', causing the flanges L11 and the plates L9 to descend below and engage under the flange E2 of the mold. When flange E2 is thus engaged, the dogs L10, having been lifted above the top of the mold, have dropped down in front of the inner surface of the mold. Now the motor D5 is reversed, and as the frames support the weight of the half-mold and the dogs have locked a frame and a halfmold together the half-molds are drawn apart and raised above the pan S. When they are out of the path of the cake O, motor D5 is stopped. Links G7 are now insertedin holes G2 of block G' and S2 of lugs S' on pan S and motor G5 is started. in a direction to cause block G' to push pan S off onto table H. The pan, with the cake O, may be taken to the oven by a crane, a car, or any suitable means.

The pan may obviously be returned from table H to the turn-table by motor G5.

Referring now to Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 7, I will describe the apparatus by which the second or stationary matrix method above outlined may be practiced. 1 designates a bin or hopper from which the loose coal is fed down upon the conveyer-belt 2, operated by any suitable motor. (Not shown.) The belt feeds the coal in a steady stream down into the fixed tube 3, which delivers the coal into the revoluble tube 4, having its lower end or spout 5 offset and opening into the mold Gat one side of the center of the latter. The mold 6 is in lateral halves or sections, as best shown in Fig. 5. The mold rests on the pan '7, provided with bars 8 on its under side, having the same functions as the bars S3 of Figs. 1 and 2. The pan and mold are located centrally under tube 4 and remain stationary during the formation of the cake. Supported on the braces 9 at some of the corners formed by the beams 10 of the framework are secured, as shown in Fig. S, the hangers 11, having the horizontal ends 12, which are seated in the annular groove of a circular track 13. This track is stationary and provided with the internal rack 14. Above the track 13 is a rotatable bridge consisting of an annular body 15, slightly larger than track 13, the parallel beams 16 and 17, and the parallel beams 18 19 and 20 and 2l, the two sets of beams being at right angles to each other. The beams 16, 17, 1S, and 2O form a square opening at the center of the bridge, in which the lower end of fixed tube 21 is loosely seated. Braces 22, fastened on the bridge, carry Wheels 23, which run on the top of the track 13 and support the bridge. The wheel 23 on Fig. 4 is shown with out the supporting-brace, which, if shown, would conceal it. The tube 4 is connected to the beam 2O by a pin. 24, fixed in the latter, which pin fits in the vertical slot in the tube, so that when the bridge rotates the tube4 must also revolve. The slot 25 permits the tube4to be raised or lowered in the mold. The top of tube 4 is provided with annular ribs, forming a groove 26, in which a pin 27 in the end of lever 28, pivoted at 29, loosely fits. The lever 28 has a counterweight 28 to balance the weight of the tube 4. The tube4 revolves in bearings formed at the ends of tube 21', which is supported by beams and hangers, as shown in Fig. 4. The bridge is rotated by the motor 30, which, through spur-wheels 31, bevelwheels 32, and pinion 33, meshes with xed rack 14. This motor also through shaft 34 and gearing 35 operates the cam-wheel 36, which acts on the stem 37 of the hammer 38 in the same manner as the cam R2 acts on the stem M' of the hammer M. (Shown in Figs. 2 and 3.) The stem 37 is guided by the rollers 39. Secured to revoluble tube 4 and at an angle thereto is the scraper 40, which extends out radially from the central part of the mold to the side thereof. The scraper and the tube being connected together, both IOO IIO

are rotated or swept around simultaneously, and both are raised and lowered together, so that the scraper will always act on the last layer of loose coal deposited by tube 4. As shown in dotted lines on Figs. and 7, the annular mold 6 is in halves or sections, each section being supported on pin 4i by means of bars 42 and braces 43, whose lower ends are secured to the mold-sections. The moldsections are looked together by the dogs 44, each being pivoted on a section and locking over a pin 45 on the other section. The locking end of each dog is held down by the eX- pansion-spring 46. A motor 47 drives a train of gearing 48, which drives the drums 49, mounted on shaft 50. Cords or chainsl are attached to these drums and are fastened to the ears 52 on one of the mold-sections.

Other cords or chains 53 are attached to the drums and after passing over the sheaves 54 on shaft 55 iu the framework and under sheaves 56 on the other mold-section are secured tothe upstanding arms57 on the dogs 44. The cords 5l will be normally slack enough to permit cords 53 to unlock the dog 44 from pin 45 before lifting on the ears 52. Beneath the pan 7 is a bar 58, having on its under side the rack 59, with which the pinion 60 on the shaft 6l engages. One end of the pan is provided with an ear 62, through which the removable pin 63 passes. This pin enters a hole in the bar 58, as shown in Fig. 5, and travels in the slot 64 between the upper guide-rails for the bar 58. The outer end of shaft 6l has a pulley 65, over which and a pulley 66 on shaft 67 runs a belt 68. Shaft 67 is provided with clutch 69 (operated in any approved manner) and is connected by gearing to motor 47.

The operation is as follows: The tube 4 and scraper 40 are lowered by the operator moving the lever 28 upwardly till they are near the pan 7. The belt 2 and motor 30 are started, whereupon the loose coal is fed down in a steady stream through tube 4 into the pan 7. At the same time the bridge driven by the motor 30, gearing 31 and 32, and pinion 33 rotates, revolving or sweeping the spout 5 of tube 4 around in the mold, distributing the coal in a small even ridge. The scraper follows the spout 5 and levels off the ridge of coal into an even layer, and the hammer 38 follows the scraper and compacts the coal into a cake strong enough to stand alone when the mold-sections are removed. From time to time the lever 28 is pulled downwardly, so as to keep the spout 5 and the scraper 40 at a proper distance above the compressed cake. When the cake is sufficiently thick, the belt 2 and the motor 30 are stopped. After shaft 67 has been unclutched from gearing 70 motor 47 is started. The dogs 44 are first unlocked, as above explained, by the cords 53, and then the cords 5I and 53 swing the moldsections outwardly and upwardly, as shown in dotted lines on Fig. 5. When the sections are above the top of the cake, clutch 7l is moved so as to disconnect the drums 49 from the motor47, one of the drums 49 being locked from turning backward by catch 49', and clutch 69 is moved so as to connect shaft 67 to said motor, pin 63 having rst been inserted so as toconnect ear 62 on pan 7 to bar 58, whereupon the motor causes the pan,with the cake of coal resting thereon, to be slid out onto a table or car, from which it may be carried away.

I do not limit myself to the precise details of construction shown and described, butinclude within my invention such changes in form, arran gement, and other features of construction as come within the scope thereof.

My invention may be used to form cakes from other material than coke and cakes for other purposes than coking.

Having described my invention, I claiml. In a plant for forming material into cakes for cokingin circular cokeovens, feeding and compressing devices for said material, and a mold, said feeding and compressing devices having rotary horizontal travel so as to feed the material into the mold and to compress it therein.

2. In aplant for forming materialinto cakes for coking in circular coke-ovens, the combination of a mold, mechanism for feeding said material into the mold, and mechanism for leveling and ramming said material therein, said mechanisms collectively having horizontal travel so as to feed the material into the mold and to spread and compress it therein.

3. In a plant for forming material into cakes for coking in circular coke-ovens, a mold, mechanism for feeding said material into the mold, and mechanism for leveling and ramming said material therein, said mechanisms collectively and said mold being relatively rotatable and the leveling mechanism being adjustable independently of the ramming mechanism to compensate for the increasing thickness of the cake.

4. In a plant for forming material into cakes for coking in circular ovens, a circular mold, a feeding device for feeding said material into said mold in an even stream, a horizontal leveling device for spreading out said material, a ramming device for the leveled material, automatically adjustable so as to impart a uniform pressure at all levels of the cake, said feeding, leveling, and ramming device collectively and said mold being relatively rotatable around a vertical axis.

5. In a plant for forming material into cakes for coking in circular coke-ovens, a mold,com posed of separable sections, and a bottom, means for feeding said material into said mold and compressing the same therein, means for separating said sections and removing them from said bottom, and means for removing said bottom from and returning it to its position where it constitutes a mold-bottom.

6. Inaplant for forming material into cakes for coking in circular coke-ovens, a moldand revoluble devices for distributing the mate- IOO IIO

IIS

rial in the mold and separate means for compressing the same.

7. In aplant for forming material into cakes for cokingin circular coke-ovens, a mold, and revoluble devices for feeding said material into the mold and for leveling and compressing the same therein.

S. Inaplantforformingmaterialinto cakes for coking in circular coke-ovens, a circular mold, a circular track, a bridge having travel on the track and over the mold, devices fixed to said bridge, and adapted to distribute and compress the material in the mold.

9. In a plant for forming material into cakes, a mold, a revoluble delivery device adapted to travel so as to distribute the material in layers in the mold, and a compressing device for the same having rotary and reciprocating movements.

10. In a plant for forming loose material into cakes, a mold consisting of pivotallysupported sections, and a bottom, means for feeding the loose material into the mold and making a cake therein, and means for swinging the said sections from the said bottom and cake.

ll. In a plant for forming loose material into cakes, a mold consisting` of pivotallysupported sections, and a bottom, means for feeding the loose material into the mold and making a cake therein, means for swinging the said sections from the said bottom and the cake, and means for removing the moldbottoms with the cake thereon after the sections have been swung clear of the same.

l2. In a plant for forming loose material into cakes, a mold consisting of pivotallysupported sections, and a bottom, means for feeding the loose material into the mold and making a cake therein, and a motor and connections to the sections and bottom whereby the motor may be operated to swing the moldsections clear of the cake and mold-bottom, and remove the bottom with the cake thereon after the said sections have been so swung.

13. In a plant for forming loose material into cakes, a mold consisting of pivotallysupported sections, and a bottom, means for feeding the loose material into the mold and making a cake therein, and means for swinging one of the said sections from the said bottom and cake.

14. In an apparatus for forming material into cakes, a circular mold, a xed track l0- cated above the mold and provided with an annular rackya bridge rotatable on said rack, devices xed to the bridge for distributing and compressing said material into cakes, a motor carried by the bridge, and gearing connecting said motor and rack, whereby the motor may cause the rotation of the bridge.

l5. In an apparatus for forming material into cakes, a circular mold, a fixed track located above the mold and provided with an annular rack, a bridge rotatable on said rack, devices fixed to the bridge for distributing and compressing said material into cakes, a motor carried by the bridge, and gearing oonneoting said motor to said rack and compressing device, Whereby the motor may cause the rotation of the bridge and the actuation of the compressing device.

Signed at Cleveland, Ohio, this 20th day of August, 1902.

.JOHN WRIGHT SEAVER.

Vitnesses:

A. D. HATFIELD, N. R. FAIRLAMB. 

